[27] In the Senate Ed Markey and Marco Rubio introduced a bill, the Saudi Nuclear Proliferation Act, to block the deal. They added that the site appears to have been constructed with Chinese assistance.. The development could shift security calculations in the Middle East and further complicate the Biden administrations efforts to coax Iran back into its nuclear deal with world powers. [31] However, the news former director has pointed out that Riyadh owns uranium materials in its desert, and has adopted a plan to extract it within 2030. As per the reports, three different deposits in the central and northwest region of the country were reported to be potential for the extraction. The growing presence of Israel, which has engaged in a campaign of assassination and sabotage of sensitive sites in Iran, in such proximity to its borders has rattled the Iranian authorities, and Tehran has threatened retaliation if Israel uses the region as a launching pad for intelligence gathering or covert attacks on Iran. [4], In May 2008, the United States and Saudi Arabia signed a memorandum of understanding, as part of the United States' vintage Atoms for Peace program, to boost Saudi efforts for a civilian nuclear program. [7] In June 1998, the Prime Minister paid a farewell visit to King Fahd and publicly thanked the Saudi government for supporting the country after the tests. Diplomatic relations between those two countries were ruptured after Egypt provided refuge to the Shah of Iran after the Iranian revolution of 1979. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. It noted that if Pakistan were to transfer nuclear warheads onto Saudi soil, it is highly unlikely that either nation would face any international repercussions if both nations were to follow strict nuclear sharing guidelines similar to that of NATO. Although it doesn't allow to access equipment required to process Uranium, it allows the 6 companies involved to do preliminary work on nuclear power ahead of any deal. Mar 15, 2023, [14], Riyadh officials had travels to France and Russia and signed several transactions, among establishment of atomic foundations in Saudi Arabia. This action reaction cycle led to the weaponization of Shia communities across the gulf and beyond. It could also add another layer of complexity to Washingtons relations with Beijing. What will the knock down effects be on their Sunni youth who also seek greater political freedoms? The underlying question is the potential for the future proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. In recent years, Saudi Arabia and China have publicly announced several joint nuclear projects in the Kingdom, including one to extract uranium from seawater, with the Since 2009, when King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia warned visiting US special envoy to the Middle East Dennis Ross that if Iran crossed the threshold, "we will get nuclear weapons", the kingdom has sent the Americans numerous signals of its intentions. The Iranian programme proceeded in hiccups, accelerating when a threat was felt and slowing down when the leaderships threat perception reduced. The writer is a senior fellow at the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. If Iran were to enter into negotiations over its missile programme, it would be unlikely to accept limits that did not also apply to other countries, wrote Mark Fitzpatrick, an associate fellow at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, in an article about Saudi Arabias ballistic missile program published by the institute in August. Royal Court of Saudi Arabia / Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images, Analysts have told Insider that the move appears, was accused by the Biden administration of siding with Russia, Prince Mohammed welcomed Chinese President Xi Jinping to Saudi Arabia, in the region. "There was nothing there," Pelletreau said. He argues that China's efforts to revive the JCPOA as well as Beijings friendly relations with both Tehran and Riyadh might encourage Saudi Arabia to persuade the US for a constructive agreement with Iran. The crown prince discussed foreign policy, including his views on Saudi Arabia's longtime foe, Shiite Muslim-ruled Iran. [26] The report caused widespread condemnation from both Republican and Democratic lawmakers in both houses of Congress due in part to the recent assassination of Jamal Khashoggi and the conduct of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. He said "This would involve the entire nuclear fuel cycle which involves the production of yellowcake, low enriched uranium and the manufacturing of nuclear fuel both for our national use and, of course, for export. Saudi crown prince is plotting to get US nuclear secrets by playing the White House, Russia, and China off against each other, report says. Saudi Arabia has not officially maintained and possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Described as a victory for Chinese diplomacy in a volatile region which for long has been the happy hunting grounds of the United States, the rapprochement between a strong ally of the US and a longstanding ally of the Russians and the Chinese was one of the glorious uncertainties of Middle Eastern politics. The Iranian revolution was different and struck at the very core of this Islamisation as it had wrapped itself in the flag of Islam not Shiism but Islam as whole. The Gulf Monarchies for their part retaliated by encouraging and then funding Saddam Husseins invasion and bloody eight year long war with Iran. WebNuclear Power in Saudi Arabia. Since its Pakistan's ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Mohammed Naeem Khan, was quoted as saying that "Pakistan considers the security of Saudi Arabia not just as a diplomatic or an internal matter but as a personal matter." And in December, Crown Prince Mohammed welcomed Chinese President Xi Jinping to Saudi Arabia for a lavish summit, where the leaders agreed to cooperate across a swath of economic and foreign policy goals. Finally the biggest threat that Iran fears is regime change by the West. The Kingdom was using the division for the generation of electricity, to export crude consumed for domestic energy needs, generate more revenue for the government, and create a handful of job opportunities. However, Saudi Arabia has also made moves to appease the US, announcing large aid packages to Ukraine, a US ally, in its war against Russia, and announcing a deal with Boeing last weekto build a fleet of new airliners which the White House praised. [7] Shortly thereafter, Saudi Minister of Defense Prince Sultan went with Prime Minister Sharif on a tour of a classified institute, the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), where leading scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan briefed the Prince and Prime Minister Sharif on nuclear physics and sensitive issues involving nuclear explosive devices. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider In Washington and beyond, the loss of U.S. Middle East regional hegemony, Gerson said, has been disorienting and is being reconfirmed by the Beijing-Riyadh-Teheran deal. [23] Western intelligence sources have told The Guardian that the Saudi monarchy has paid for up to 60% of the Pakistan's atomic bomb projects and in return has the option to buy five to six nuclear warheads off the shelf. [IDN-InDepthNews], Image: Wang Yi (center), a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, with representatives from Saudi Arabia and Iran in Beijing. Lets examine each of the points raised above. Furthermore, Saudi royalty and other high-ranking officials have explicitly mentioned warnings in regards to their intention to obtain nuclear weapons if Iran were to come in possession of such weaponry. [21] In 2012, it was confirmed that Saudi Arabia would launch its own nuclear weapons program immediately if Iran successfully developed nuclear weapons. The interview is the first with a Saudi leader for a U.S. television network since 2005. Fitzpatrick, a former State Department official, said at the time that other than a general desire to keep pace with Iran, Riyadhs motivations for acquiring ballistic missiles were not entirely clear. He adds that the agreement would enhance Irans bargaining power at the negotiating table. Satellite photos allegedly reveal an underground city with nuclear silos containing Ghauri rockets in Al-Sulaiyil, south of the capital Riyadh. Tom Porter. King Hamad argued forcefully for taking action to terminate (Irans) nuclear program, by whatever means necessary, the cable said. [35], In January 2023, Saudi Arabian Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz Bin Salman said Saudi Arabia plans to use domestically-sourced uranium in its future nuclear power industry, including developing the full nuclear fuel cycle. to build a fleet of new airliners which the White House praised. Overview about the nuclear program of Saudi Arabia, Nuclear sharing with Arab States of the Arabic Gulf nuclear programs. Both sides stressed the importance of preserving the free flow of commerce through strategic international waterways such as the Bab al-Mandab and the Strait of Hormuz. Any threat to Saudi Arabia is also a threat to Pakistan. [34], On 17 September 2020, The Guardian reported Saudi Arabia of being in possession of enough uranium ore reserves to produce 90,000 tonnes worth of uranium. The United States and Europe have also tried to isolate Iran for supplying Russia with drones used in the war in Ukraine. Security staff at London's Heathrow Airport voted on Friday to strike for 10 days, trade union Unite said. as well as other partner offers and accept our. In a document from the Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) each of the companies which received access requested that the NNSA withhold their authorization from public release. Iran long used the Emirates to evade sanctions, but the standoff with Saudi Arabia a close ally of the Emirates on top of pressure from the United States had restricted those channels. First published on March 15, 2018 / 7:12 AM. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia has made steps towards a nuclear program[4][5] and according to some observations, they can be used to develop nuclear weapons. Last week, Iran took a step toward resolving some of those issues with an agreement to restore ties with Saudi Arabia, its archrival in the region and an influential power among the Sunni Arab countries of the region with which Tehran has been at odds. MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN: Iran is not a rival to Saudi Arabia. Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. China is interested in preventing nuclear weapons Apart from the diplomacy between Saudi Arabia and Iran, the other notable feature of this development is that China brokered it. Mr. Kanaani said the region would benefit from greater cooperation and good relations between Egypt and Iran. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. Its network spans countries around the world. After the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq The Guardian reported that Saudi Arabia renewed its interest in nuclear weapons, while in 2005 The New York Times claimed that U.S. President George W. Bush indicated to British Prime Minister Tony Blair that he was open to a preemptive invasion to prevent Saudi Arabia from acquiring nuclear weapons. [20] A senior NATO decision maker did mention that he personally viewed intelligence reports indicating that nuclear weapons which have been manufactured in Pakistan by the request of Riyadh, are ready for delivery. ", Campaigners warns of toxic UK arms deals with Saudi Arabia, Saada's Governor: Saudi Arabia is Experimenting Toxic Weapons in Yemen's Saada, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction&oldid=1141343938, Short description with empty Wikidata description, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:00. Why China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal is only a masquerading achievement. Gary Samore, who until March 2013 was President Barack Obama's counter-proliferation adviser, told BBC Newsnight: "I do think that the Saudis believe that they have some understanding with Pakistan that, in extremis, they would have claim to acquire nuclear weapons from Pakistan. The disclosure reportedly increased concerns regarding Riyadhs aggressive interest in developing atomic weapons program. [26] A research paper produced by the British House of Commons Defence Select Committee states that as long as current NATO nuclear sharing arrangements remain in place, NATO states would have few valid grounds for complaint if such a transfer were to occur. In such an eventuality, Saudi Arabia would start work on a new ballistic missile platform, purchase nuclear warheads from overseas and aim to source uranium to develop weapons-grade material. WebSaudi Arabia constructed a facility for extracting uranium yellowcake from uranium ore with the help of China. [34], Officially, Saudi Arabia is regarded as a party to both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), and also the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).[11]. It also satisfies the Iranian need to show the west that it is not isolated and can break that isolation at a time and in a manner of its choosing. Again, China's involvement should also help resolve the situation with Irans nuclear program, declared Dr Ramana. There were concerns, where Saudi was under suspicions of producing nuclear weapons, as it lacked transparency. Saudi Arabia has invested in Pakistani nuclear weapons projects, and believes it could obtain atomic bombs at will, a variety of sources have told BBC Newsnight. "[36], In 1987, Saudi Arabia purchased Chinese-made CSS-2 intermediate-range ballistic missiles[37] designed and used by the Chinese as a nuclear-armed missile, but reportedly sold to Saudi Arabia with conventional high-explosive warheads. It was in the midst of this war that Iran first considered going nuclear. UNITED NATIONS, 15 March 2023 (IDN) Saudi Arabia and Iran two archrivals in the Middle East who severed links seven years agore-established diplomatic, political and economic relations last week (15 March) in a historic deal brokered by China, one of the worlds major nuclear powers. MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN: Saudi Arabia does not want to acquire any nuclear bomb, but without a doubt if Iran developed a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as soon as Participation in the Biological Weapons Convention, Saudi Arabia and weapons of mass destruction, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, Disease as a Weapon: Assessing the international methods of ensuring biological weapons nonproliferation, KSA takes first step towards nuclear plant tender: sources, "Pakistan, Saudi Arabia in secret nuke pact Islamabad trades weapons technology for oil", "U.S. lawmakers press for oversight of any Saudi nuclear deal", "Saudi crown prince: If Iran develops nuclear bomb, so will we", "Saudi nuclear weapons 'on order' from Pakistan", 3. Jackie Cabasso, Executive Director of the Western States Legal Foundation (WSLF), a non-profit, public interest organization which monitors and analyzes U.S. nuclear weapons, told IDN the stunning news of the China-brokered rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Iran was preceded by just one day by a New York Times report that Saudi Arabia is seeking concessions from the United States, including assistance with its civilian nuclear program, in exchange for normalizing its relations with Israela goal long sought by Israel to help isolate Iran. It stated the finding on the basis of the reports compiled by the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG) and the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), in association with Saudi Geological survey. Image source: REUTERS / SPA / POOL via WANA / TIMA. Tehran has since reduced its compliance with the deal, announcing that it would enrich uranium to up to 60 percent purity significantly closer to the amount needed to make an atomic bomb. Iran has also been engaged in a bruising battle for regional dominance with Saudi Arabia, with which it severed relations seven years ago, engaging in a proxy war in Yemen and competing for influence in Lebanon and Syria. To understand why this is, we need to understand the history of this dispute and how it affects each countrys approach today. The devastating losses they suffered combined with the total western apathy to Iraqs use of chemical weapons as well as the regimes own clumsy alienation of every single ally it had (the US through the embassy hostages, the USSR through the Afghan war, the Arab states through tormenting revolution) meant that it now needed a nuclear weapon. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Access unmatched financial data, news and content in a highly-customised workflow experience on desktop, web and mobile. [2], Senior Clinton administration officials responsible for Mideast affairs at the time Khilewi sought asylum, including Robert Pelletreau of the State Department and Bruce Riedel of the National Security Council, said they found nothing in Khilewi's debriefings to back up the Media reports about a Saudi nuclear program. [16] suggested that the kingdom might consider producing nuclear weapons if it found itself between the atomic arsenals of Iran and Israel. They already paid for the bomb, they will go to Pakistan and bring what they need to bring." This action reaction cycle also had devastating consequences in Lebanon and Pakistan. The summit led to a rebuke from the White House, which said that China could not be trusted. UN officials and weapons experts have suggested the review was prompted by a distancing of relations with the United States, concerns over Iran's nuclear program, and a lack of international pressure on Israel to give up its nuclear weapons. The statement said Biden also affirmed the United States continued commitment to supporting "Saudi Arabias security and territorial defense, and facilitating the Kingdoms ability to obtain necessary capabilities to defend its people and territory against external threats.". The shock of the Chinese-led agreement may, over time, help people in the United States adjust and respond to this new and more complex reality.. O'DONNELL: But I've seen that you called the Ayatollah Khamenei, "the new Hitler" of the Middle East. March 17, 2023, 1:04 p.m. As you can see, there are too many structural limits on how far any Saudi-Iranian rapprochement can go. The United Nations said on Wednesday that the deal had created a momentum for renewed peace talks on Yemen. The country in 2013 projected 17 GWe of nuclear capacity by 2032, but that target was abandoned two years later. At a time when Saudi Arabia is actively trying to further integrate with the international community and strengthen its bonds with the West, nuclearization could very well produce a cascade of economic sanctions, political Through the 60s and 70s several Saudi kings advised the Shah against this kind of rapid modernisation but their advice fell on deaf ears. US officials have stated that they have no evidence of Saudi assistance to Iraqi nuclear development. Many countries around the world and in Europe did not realize how dangerous Hitler was until what happened, happened. In May 2020, satellite images revealed that a roof concealed the cylindrical reactor vessel, which was visible through roof beams in a satellite picture until 15 March 2020. It merely satisfies Chinas need to show the world that it can negotiate a peace (but nothing more). A civilian nuclear program and better access to US weapons have long been core Saudi objectives, and Riyadh said last week that they would be the price for normalizing its relations with Israel. Naeem also said that the Saudi leadership considered Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to be one country. For years, Irans standing as a Mideast power has been battered on a number of fronts. WebAlthough Saudi Arabia does not possess weapons of mass destruction, Saudi officials have expressed that they will acquire nuclear weapons if their regional rival, Iran, does. Israel, for its part, has long considered Iran and its nuclear program as an existential threat, viewing Saudi Arabia as a potential partner. Nuclear technology company IP3 International was formed in June 2016 to transfer nuclear technology from the United States to Saudi Arabia. Senator Ed Markey to comment "nuclear energy in Saudi Arabia is about more than just electrical power", implying Saudi Arabia was interested in nuclear power to gain the skills to be able to develop weapons. In October 2013, Amos Yadlin, a former head of Israeli military intelligence, told a conference in Sweden that if Iran got the bomb, "the Saudis will not wait one month. Officials in the U.S. alliance believe Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have an understanding in which Islamabad would supply the kingdom with warheads if security in the Persian Gulf was threatened. According to a western official, the facility was built near the remote town of AlUla. This month, when a delegation from Irans Parliament traveled to Bahrain, a small Persian Gulf island that has been a flashpoint between Iran and Saudi Arabia, to attend a gathering of lawmakers, the Iranian news media reported that they had held back-channel negotiations about forging diplomatic relations. Why China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal is only a masquerading achievement. Whos in Control of How We Remember the Iraq War? And Middle East peace and stability is in the interests of the U.S. people. So the gulf monarchies decided to play divide and rule, and reopened the old Shia-Sunni wounds in order to weaken any Islamic revolution the Iranians had hoped to incite along sectarian lines. In 2013 the existence of the Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force was officially announced. The Times said China, one of the signatories to the JCPOA, does not want Iran to have nuclear weapons. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, told IDN the establishment of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran should help with the impasse in nuclear negotiations with Iran. However that duality ended when America began its global regime change operations. At present, virtually all of the country's electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Some Arab neighbors have forged ties with Israel, giving it a foothold in the Persian Gulf. The news channel did not reply to requests for a comment. Ramana, Professor and Simons Chair in Disarmament, Global and Human Security, Graduate Program Director, MPPGA at the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs. Even with the downside of the agreement reinforcing the repressive of the three parties to the deal, there are additional winners, said Gerson. [40], Newsweek quoted an anonymous source in 2014 that Saudi Arabia had acquired CSS-5 intermediate-range ballistic missiles from China in 2007 with "Washington's quiet approval on the condition that CIA technical experts could verify they were not designed to carry nuclear warheads". / CBS News, The next leader of Saudi Arabia says his country would quickly obtain a nuclear bomb if arch rival Iran successfully develops its own nuclear weapon. Saudi Arabia is building its own ballistic missiles with the help of China, according to United States intelligence assessments and satellite images. The heir to the throne has ushered in significant changes for women in the conservative Sunni Muslim kingdom, including granting them the right to drive for the first time. Stay up to date with what you want to know. The assessment of U.S. intelligence agencies is that the kingdom, which is long thought to have acquired missiles from Beijing, is now manufacturing its own, according to a source familiar with the matter and a U.S. official. According to The Wall Street Journal, Crown Prince Mohammed may be using its relations with China and Russia to establish a closer US security relationship. The underlying question is the potential for the future proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Underground city with nuclear silos containing Ghauri rockets in Al-Sulaiyil, south of country! 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