Nowadays it is entirely a park, its southern half being dominated by wide-open areas, hills, monuments and beach-like stretches (along the streams Eisbach and Schwabinger Bach). (2011) 1,348,335; (2021 est . The western portion of Maximilianstrae is known for its designer shops, luxury boutiques, jewellery stores, and one of Munich's foremost five-star hotels, the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten. Brigitte Huber: Mauern, Tore Bastionen. He then built a new toll bridge, customs house and a coin market closer to his home somewhat upstream (at a settlement around the area of modern oldtown Munich: Marienplatz, Marienhof and the St. Peter's Church). The coolest is January. [citation needed]. Buchendorfer, Mnchen 2002. [125], April and May, Theresienwiese:[125] A stage for shows, big events and musicals is the Deutsche Theater. There are many smaller beer gardens and around twenty major ones, providing at least a thousand seats, with four of the largest in the Englischer Garten: Chinesischer Turm (Munich's second-largest beer garden with 7,000 seats), Seehaus, Hirschau and Aumeister. [143][141][144] Transsexual icon Romy Haag had a club in the city centre for many years. The station became 'Bayerischer Rundfunk' in 1931. Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid and Istanbul Atatrk. The former Dachau concentration camp is 16km (10mi) outside the city. In 2017, the BerlinMunich high-speed railway opened, providing a journey time of less than 4 hours between the two German cities. Ausgrabungen und Dokumentation - Vergangenheit aus dem Boden. Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Germany, the German Patent Office and the European Patent Office. Munich, by far the largest city in southern Germany, lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of the edge of the Alps and along the Isar River, which flows through the middle of the city. In 1175, Munich received city status and fortification. The city has an eclectic mix of historic and modern architecture because historic buildings destroyed in World War II were reconstructed, and new landmarks were built. Especially in its suburbs, Munich features a wide and diverse array of modern architecture, although strict culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. Hirschgarten is the largest beer garden in the world, with 8,000 seats. Archaeological Showcase at the Mnchner Stadtmuseum: Discoveries from the Marienhof excavations (2011/2012). [citation needed]. The southern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian renaissance style, while the north is strongly influenced by Italian Romanesque architecture. Three redundant exhibition buildings that are under a protection order were converted to house the Verkehrsmuseum, which houses the land transport collections of the Deutsches Museum. Ludwig II nevertheless generated a windfall for Munich's craft and construction industries. One of them was the travesty nightclub Old Mrs. Henderson, where Freddie Mercury, who lived in Munich from 1979 to 1985, filmed the music video for the song Living on My Own at his 39th birthday party. King Ludwig I managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts the fused grid. [133], November and December, city-wide:[125] Munich's Christmas Markets, or Christkindlmrkte, are held throughout the city from late November until Christmas Eve, the largest spanning the Marienplatz and surrounding streets. In the 20th Bundestag, the composition and representation of each was as follows: Munich is twinned with the following cities (date of agreement shown in parentheses):[104] Edinburgh, Scotland (1954),[105][106] Verona, Italy (March 17, 1960),[107][108] Bordeaux, France (1964),[109][110] Sapporo, Japan (1972),[111] Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (1989), Kyiv, Ukraine (1989), Harare, Zimbabwe (1996) and Beersheba, Israel (2022). [54] Prominent Munich Jugendstil artists include Hans Eduard von Berlepsch-Valendas, Otto Eckmann,[55] Margarethe von Brauchitsch, August Endell, Hermann Obrist, Wilhelm von Debschitz,[56] and Richard Riemerschmid. Today, Munich is a global centre of art, science, technology, finance, publishing, culture, innovation, education, business, and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living, reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey,[7] and being rated the world's most liveable city by the Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2018. [citation needed], The city is known as the second-largest publishing centre in the world (around 250 publishing houses have offices in the city), and many national and international publications are published in Munich, such as Arts in Munich, LAXMag and Prinz. [25][26] The first known Christian church was built ca. Selbstverlag der Gemeinde Gauting, 1949. [43] In October 1810 a beer festival was held on the meadows just outside Munich to commemorate the wedding of the crown price and princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Bayerischer Rundfunk. [125] There are hundreds of stalls selling handmade goods, Christmas ornaments and decorations, and Bavarian Christmas foods including pastries, roasted nuts, and gluwein.[125]. Polo Ralph Lauren. The nearby Michaelskirche is the largest renaissance church north of the Alps, while the Theatinerkirche is a basilica in Italianate high baroque, which had a major influence on Southern German baroque architecture. Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city centre and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. [133] Oktoberfest is a celebration of the wedding of Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig to Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen which took place on 12 October 1810. We look forward to working with you one-on-one. [42], The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609. [119], Munich has a reputation as a surfing hotspot, offering the world's best known river surfing spot, the Eisbach wave, which is located at the southern edge of the Englischer Garten park and used by surfers day and night and throughout the year. [83] Munich is home of the famous Nockherberg Strong Beer Festival during the Lenten fasting period (usually in March). Next door to the Residenz the neo-classical opera, the National Theatre was erected. Nockherberg, Hofbrukeller (not to be confused with the Hofbruhaus) and Lwenbrukeller are other beer gardens. Between these are fields of fluvio-glacial out-wash, such as around Munich. [132] To promote these ideals, 70% of all Tollwood events and attractions are free. Most of the boroughs have parish churches that originate from the Middle Ages, such as the church of pilgrimage St Mary in Ramersdorf. [60], After World War I, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest. [63], The NSDAP headquarters and the documentation apparatus for controlling all aspects of life were located in Munich. Traditionally eaten only before noon a tradition dating to a time before refrigerators these morsels are often served with sweet mustard and freshly baked pretzels. The fest includes comical speeches and a mini-musical in which numerous German politicians are parodied by look-alike actors. The city's oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, dating back to the 16th century. It is allowed to bring one's own food to a beer garden, however, it is forbidden to bring one's own drinks. [160] In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of 18.62 (ca. Munich Weisswurst ("white sausage", German: Mnchner Weiwurst) was invented here in 1857. [133] There are also over 100 rides ranging from bumper cars to full-sized roller coasters, as well as the more traditional Ferris wheels and swings. [128] There are also roller coasters, fun houses, slides, and a Ferris wheel. The architect Paul Troost was asked to start work shortly after the Nazis had seized power because "the most German of all German cities" was left with no exhibition building when in 1931 the Glass Palace was destroyed in an arson. Studies of adaptation to climate change and extreme events are carried out, one of them is the Isar Plan of the EU Adaptation Climate.[90]. After the 2018 Bavarian state election, the composition and representation of each was as follows: In the Bundestag, Munich is divided between four constituencies. In 1905 two large department stores opened in Munich, the Kaufhaus Oberpollinger and the Warenhaus Hermann Tietz, both had been designed by the architect Max Littmann. [123][142] Bars in the Schwabing district of this era include, among many others, Schwabinger 7 and Schwabinger Podium. [35], In 1349, the Black Death ravaged Munich and Bavaria.[36]. Munich based artists put on the German National Applied Arts Exhibition in 1888, showcasing Baroque Revival architecture and Rococo Revival designs. Two meteorological stations are responsible for the climatological data so that they are interpolated. Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, with 6%9% alcohol content. In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a licence to expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial use. Many museums are on the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst, the Bavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. Mr. Henri Bendel featured as The King of the Belgian shoes in an interview with Paige Powell and Jane Sarkin, One of the original advertisements for Belgian Shoes, Laurence Harvey wearing his Belgian Shoes photographed at the airport arriving in Paris with Mia Farrow, The King and Queen of Belgium visit the town in Belgium where Belgian Shoes are manufactured, Kate Moss photographed by Inez and Vinoodh for Harpers Bazaar, Belgian Shoes renovates their store in New York City for the first time since they moved to the location on 110 East 55th Street, Shane LaVancherPhotographerwww.shanelavancher.com, WSJFrom Jackie O to Rihanna, the Ultimate Guide to Classic Style. Munich, by contrast, has been governed by the SPD for all but six years since 1948. However, on 14 June 1158, in Augsburg, the conflict was settled in favor of Duke Henry. Motorways from Stuttgart (W), Nuremberg, Frankfurt and Berlin (N), Deggendorf and Passau (E), Salzburg and Innsbruck (SE), Garmisch Partenkirchen (S) and Lindau (SW) terminate at Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. The city centre lies between both climates, while the airport of Munich has a humid continental climate. [citation needed] In Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler described his political activism in Munich after November 1918 as the "Beginning of My Political Activity". Rows of elegant town houses and spectacular urban palais in many colours, often elaborately decorated with ornamental details on their faades, make up large parts of the areas west of Leopoldstrae (Schwabing's main shopping street), while in the eastern areas between Leopoldstrae and Englischer Garten similar buildings alternate with almost rural-looking houses and whimsical mini-castles, often decorated with small towers. [134] Food can be bought in each tent, as well as at various stalls throughout the fairgrounds. It was 100,000 in 1852, 250,000 in 1883 and 500,000 in 1901. Other notable musicians and bands from Munich include Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, Mnchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Colour Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller. BR. The experimental game was invented in Munich in the 1970s and has since spread to other countries like Egypt and China. Its origins go back to the 17th/18th century, but has become popular when the festivities were first televised in the 1980s. Munich became the center of a modernizing kingdom, and one of the king's first acts was the secularization of Bavaria. The transformation of the historic area into a pedestrian priority zone enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. Another notable park is Ostpark located in the Ramersdorf-Perlach borough which also houses the Michaelibad, the largest water park in Munich. : Historischer Verein von Oberbayern. The avenue is framed by elaborately structured neo-Gothic buildings which house, among others, the Schauspielhaus, the Building of the district government of Upper Bavaria and the Museum of Ethnology. For example, Wassily Kandinsky chose Munich over Paris to study at the Akademie der Bildenden Knste Mnchen, and, along with many other painters and writers living in Schwabing at that time, had a profound influence on modern art. The RealReal is the world's #1 luxury consignment online store. The data is supposed to be used to create a plan for action for adapting the city to better deal with climate change as well as an integrated action program for climate protection in Munich. [158][159] Munich ranks third on the list of German cities by gross domestic product (GDP). [166] In 2007 the same company also ranked Munich as the 39th most expensive in the world and most expensive major city in Germany. The cycle paths usually involve a longer route than by the road, as they are diverted around objects, and the presence of pedestrians can make them quite slow. Mnchen und seine Befestigungen. Wolf-Armin Freiherr von Reitzenstein (2006), "Mnchen", Lexikon bayerischer Ortsnamen. Policies. [134] Over 7million liters of beer are consumed at each Oktoberfest. BoD Books on Demand, 2012, S. 48/49. BR-Chronik: Der BR von 1922 bis heute" (in German). Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Max Reger and Carl Orff. These attributes result from applying the principle of "filtered permeability", which selectively restricts the number of roads that run through the centre. 4.2.1: St. Peter, S. 6183. [86], On the fifth anniversary of the 2011 Norway attacks an active shooter perpetrated hate crime. Establishments open and close every year, and due to gentrification and the overheated housing market many survive only a few years, while others last longer. Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbru AG, Mnchen 1984, It ist a local party, founded in 1989 to support the, T. Dombart, 'Der Englische Garten zu Mnchen'. PS100 High-Top Sneaker. With the help of those programs issues regarding spatial planning and settlement density, the development of buildings and green spaces as well as plans for functioning ventilation in a cityscape can be monitored and managed.[97]. Munich (/mjunk/ MEW-nik; German: Mnchen [mnn] (listen); Bavarian: Minga [m()] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. Starkbier was created in 1651 by the local Paulaner monks who drank this 'Flssiges Brot', or liquid bread to survive the fasting of Lent. [84], In 2007 the ecological restoration of the river Isar in the urban area of Munich was awarded the Water Development Prize by the German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (known as DWA in German). On 13 February 1327, a large fire broke out in Munich that lasted two days and destroyed about a third of the town. Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation. Fritz Lutz: Oberfhring. The average amount of time people spend commuting to and from work with public transit in Munich on a weekday is 56 min. Dezember 2018). Two large Baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Oberschleissheim are reminders of Bavaria's royal past. [citation needed]. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines. Cole, Robert A. In: Ralf Sartori (Hrsg. [6] Once Bavaria was established as a sovereign kingdom in 1806, Munich became a major European centre of arts, architecture, culture and science. Ein Jahrhundertwerk. InterCity and EuroCity trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. It was first built during the Romanesque period, and was the focus of the early monastic settlement in Munich before the city's official foundation in 1158. Das Fernsehen kommt 1953 bis 1969" (in German). Pop. In 1568 Albrecht V built the Antiquarium to house the Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities in the Munich Residenz. [9][10] According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Munich is considered an alpha-world city, as of 2015[update]. Kandinsky's first abstract painting was created in Schwabing. Mr. Casual (8) 110 East 55th Street, New York, New York 10022-4540. [23] A Roman settlement north-east of downtown Munich was excavated in the neighborhood of Denning/Bogenhausen. A monk is also depicted on the city's coat of arms. Since the Middle Ages beer had been regarded as nutritious liquid bread (flieendes Brot) in Bavaria. [88][89] The proximity to the Alps brings higher volumes of rainfall and consequently greater susceptibility to flood problems. Being at the centre of Europe, Munich is subject to many climatic influences, so that weather conditions there are more variable than in other European cities, especially those further west and south of the Alps. 2km (1mi) northwest of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. This includes more companies listed by the DAX than any other German city, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as McDonald's and Microsoft. 815 in Frttmanning.[27]. [67], The city was the site where the 1938 Munich Agreement signed between Britain and France with Nazi Germany as part of the Franco-British policy of appeasement. It was one of the host cities for the 2006 Football World Cup, which was not held in Munich's Olympic Stadium, but in a new football specific stadium, the Allianz Arena. Before the Kunstpark Ost, there had already been an accumulation of internationally known nightclubs in the remains of the abandoned former Munich-Riem Airport. [22], The ancient Roman road Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg, crossed over the Isar River south of modern-day Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting. Further, swimming within Munich's city limits is also possible in several artificial lakes such as for example the Riemer See or the Langwieder lake district. Zweite Stammstrecke Mnchen. [76] Since 1963, Munich has been hosting the Munich Security Conference, held annually in the Hotel Bayerischer Hof. Helles, a pale lager with a translucent gold colour is the most popular Munich beer today, although it's not old (only introduced in 1895) and is the result of a change in beer tastes. Major displays include Albrecht Drer's Christ-like Self-Portrait (1500), his Four Apostles, Raphael's paintings The Canigiani Holy Family and Madonna Tempi as well as Peter Paul Rubens large Judgment Day. Other attractions of the festival include a flea market on the festival's first Saturday, a Beer Queen contest, a vintage car show on the first Sunday, fireworks every Friday night, and a "Day of Traditions" on the final day. [29][30][31], 14 June 1158, is considered the official 'founding day' of the city of Munich, not the date when it was first settled. The renaturation of the Isar allows for the near natural development of the river bed and is part of Munich's flood protection. The city was heavily bombed during World War II, but has restored most of its traditional cityscape. [125][129], July, English Garden:[125] Munich topped the ranking of the magazine Capital in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in 60 German cities. As the capital of Bavaria, Munich is an important political centre for both the state and country as a whole. [70] By mid 1942 the majority of Jews living in Munich and the suburbs had been deported. Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz (in German), Mnchen: C. H. Beck, p. 171, ISBN 978-3-406-55206-9. The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th-century paintings. Apart from the Kultfarbik and the smaller Optimolwerke, there is a wide variety of establishments in the urban parts of nearby Haidhausen. Hannes Burger: 350 Jahre Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbru AG. [15] Munich's numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest, the world's largest Volksfest, attract considerable tourism.[16]. In the 1970s, the Musicland Studios developed into one of the most prominent recording studios in the world, with bands such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Queen recording albums there. [61] In 1919 Bavaria Film was founded and in the 1920s Munich offered film makers an alternative to Germany's largest film studio in Babelsberg. The beer served at Oktoberfest is a special type of Mrzen beer with a higher alcohol content than regular Helles. [128], May, August, and October, Mariahilfplatz:[125] Auer Dult is Europe's largest jumble sale, with fairs of its kind dating back to the 14th century. The Bavarian dialects are spoken in and around Munich, with its variety West Middle Bavarian or Old Bavarian (Westmittelbairisch / Altbairisch). He ruled over vast territories in the German Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Sea to the Alps. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification survive the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is ten minutes, whilst 6% of passengers wait for over twenty minutes on average every day. [132], September and October, Theresienwiese:[125] The largest beer festival in the world, Munich's Oktoberfest runs for 1618 days from the end of September through early October. ): Mnchen und seine Bauten. The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is the largest and one of the oldest science museums in the world. [125] According to the festival's website, Tollwood's goal is to promote culture and the environment, with the main themes of "tolerance, internationality, and openness". Munich is the largest publishing city in Europe[164] and home to the Sddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany's biggest daily newspapers. In 1922 BMW relocated its headquarters to a factory in Munich. The urban economy of Munich became characterized by a dynamic labour market, low unemployment, a growing service economy and high per capita income. Two further surf spots within the city are located along the river Isar, the wave in the Flolnde channel and a wave downstream of the Wittelsbacherbrcke bridge. Sddeutscher Verlag, Mnchen, ISBN 3-7991-6255-0. Several non-centralised museums (many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt) show the expanded state collections of palaeontology, geology, mineralogy,[122] zoology, botany and anthropology. The 2016 Munich shooting aimed at killing people of Turkish and Arab descent. [28], Bishop Otto protested to his nephew, Emperor Frederick Barbarosa (d. 1190). In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted, and in 1957 over 1million. [91][92], In Munich, the general trend of global warming with a rise of medium yearly temperatures of about 1C in Germany over the last 120 years can be observed as well. These major spines and many smaller streets cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike. Munich served as the location for many of Fassbinder's films, among them Ali: Fear Eats the Soul. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the ruling house of Wittelsbach, which had governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived socialist republic was declared. Only the two Munich universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe (now part of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) have held this honour, and the implied greater chances of attracting research funds, since the first evaluation round in 2006. Leo, Mnchen 1992, ISBN 3-928935-00-3, Moorhouse, Roger, Killing Hitler: The Third Reich and the Plots against the Fhrer. ): Drfer auf dem Ziegelland. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). They are one of Europe's biggest film production studios. The city hosted the final stages of the FIBA EuroBasket 1993, where the German national basketball team won the gold medal. Evidence of Celtic settlements from the Iron Age have been discovered in areas around Perlach. Munich is known for its breweries and the Weissbier (or Weibier / Weizenbier, wheat beer) is a speciality from Bavaria. Bufe Fachbuchverlag, Egglham 1997, ISBN 3-922138-61-6. Since the 1960s, the Rosa Viertel (pink quarter) developed in the Glockenbachviertel and around Grtnerplatz, which in the 1980s made Munich "one of the four gayest metropolises in the world" along with San Francisco, New York City and Amsterdam. About eBay. The Asamkirche was endowed and built by the Brothers Asam, pioneering artists of the rococo period. The German art movement took its name from the Munich magazine Die Jugend (The Youth). In November 2016 the city council concluded officially that a further rise in medium temperature, a higher number of heat extremes, a rise in the number of hot days and nights with temperatures higher than 20C (tropical nights), a change in precipitation patterns, as well as a rise in the number of local instances of heavy rain, is to be expected as part of the ongoing climate change. [175] However, in October 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 business flights per year to depart from or land at Oberpfaffenhofen was confirmed by a regional judge.[176]. Some of the most notable were Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Paul Heyse, Rainer Maria Rilke, Ludwig Thoma, Fanny zu Reventlow, Oskar Panizza, Gustav Meyrink, Max Halbe, Erich Mhsam and Frank Wedekind. Since 28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by the 300km/h (186mph) NurembergMunich high-speed railway line. There are countless Wirtshuser (traditional Bavarian ale houses/restaurants) all over the city area, many of which also have small outside areas. Henry wanted to control the toll bridge and its income for himself, so he destroyed the bridge and customs house in 1156. Next door, the modern Residenz Theatre was erected in the building that had housed the Cuvillis Theatre before World War II. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby Augsburg Airport was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach. The Alte Pinakothek contains a treasure trove of the works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. [58], Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. Hitler, however, had left the building minutes before the bomb went off. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 2025 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. Mnchen Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station located in the city centre and is one of three long-distance stations in Munich, the others being Mnchen Ost (to the east) and Mnchen-Pasing (to the west). Nightlife in Munich is located mostly in the boroughs Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Maxvorstadt, Au-Haidhausen, Berg am Laim and Sendling. It outranks Frankfurt though as home of insurance companies such as Allianz (insurance) and Munich Re (re-insurance).[163]. Liga, and former Bundesliga club SpVgg Unterhaching, who currently play in the Regionalliga Bayern, in Germany's 4th division. [129] The Auer Dult is a traditional market with 300 stalls selling handmade crafts, household goods, and local foods, and offers carnival rides for children.
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