Close attention has been paid to methods to control these negative effects. However, pesticides cause a decline in earthworms and stunt this natural process. Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical pesticides and fertilizers to control plant pests and diseases and improve production. . Detailed information of scientific research organizations-based co-authorship weights. However, there are a number of other negative effects related to irrigation. headaches, skin rashes, eye irritations) and some chronic effects (e.g. Network of high-cited frequency clusters. The field of Informetrics deals with the quantitative analysis of information, aiming to reveal patterns and associations of information objects, their production, structure and dissemination [27]. Characterize abiotic and biotic reaction mechanisms, transformation rates, and fate in agricultural and natural ecosystems. W-3045 members effectively integrate information across scales ranging from molecular to landscape levels to address the fate and effects of agrochemicals and emerging organic contaminants in/on human, animal and environmental health. Cluster A1 and Cluster A2) and top five pivot nodes in Cluster A3. Growth regulators: Residual effect. Kill soil organisms Toxicity and reduction in soil quality 2. Citation-clustering analysis, a meso-level method, shows that the main research directions include the effects of pesticides and veterinary drugs on the environment (A1), the influence of fertilizer application on environmental and food safety (A2), and the technologies and strategies for monitoring and controlling the impact of agricultural chemicals on environment (A3). Livestock, birds, and other animals can encounter. stable isotope analysis), to measure the toxicity of pollutants, and to evaluate the negative effects of pesticides on environment, as well as methods to control the spread of pollutants and to reduce the negative effects of agricultural chemicals [79, 83]. 2003/2003 establishes that electrical conductivity fertilizers should meet a specific criteria in terms of nutrient content, safety and absence of adverse effects to the environment [14]. information metrology) to exploit the data richness from aggregated and multiple-source records to perform the review. It is noticeable that, in China, the number of articles grew significantly from 54 to 267 during 200615 period. fertilizers and pesticides) in agriculture (i.e. The mutually beneficial cooperation among different research institutes and countries plays a key role in promoting the development of science and technology. After identifying the subject terms, we scanned selected databases (i.e. To our knowledge, only a few scholars have reviewed the impact of agricultural chemicals on water, soil and human health conjunctively [1, 25, 26]. A time-dimensional visualized intellectual landscape is constructed and provided in Part B of Figure 1. Pesticide spraying can significantly reduce or offset the economic costs from plant diseases, insect pests, and weeds on agricultural production and fertilizer application can provide a variety of nutrients required for the growth of crops and for an increased yield in production. Our findings reveal that based on the evaluated records, pesticide and fertilizer in agricultural chemicals are the main source of pollutants research in the literature. Forgoing agrochemicals may seem less efficient and more labor intensive, but it is a much more environmentally friendly alternative to the use of pesticides. To assess the research focus of environmental impacts induced by agricultural chemical inputs, this paper conducts cluster optimization with the relevant literature review. For example, articles within this cluster study the loss of soil elements due to the non-proportional application of chemical fertilizer and soil acidification due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers [52, 74, 76, 77]. The differential impacts are largely attributable to the level of technology adoption and regulation as well as their . 2002 ). The A1 cluster can be further divided in two Subclusters A1_1 and A1_2 where the former concentrates in the study of chemical residues in various environmental media after their application and their impact on human health in countries or regions [42, 6567], while the latter deals with research on veterinary drug residues in various environmental media as well as the pollutants monitoring techniques and methods (i.e. Alvarez DA, Huckins JN, Petty JD, et al. Halling-Srensen B, Nielsen SN, Lanzky PF, et al. manual investigation and literature classification) rather than quantitative methods (e.g. Research suggests that the massive use of inorganic fertilizers world-wide is associated with the accumulation of contaminants, e.g. The negative impacts of agrochemicals are harming our environment with their chemical resources, which seem to produce an adverse effect on humans, animals, and nature in whole. Other high-frequency terms include bioremediation, integrated pest management, monitor and passive sample. The B1 stage mirrors the foundational knowledge research conducted about the presence of pollutants in the environmental media. Global and macro-scope view based on citation analysis. For illustration purposes, we use their research to exemplify the evolution of the lines of inquiry and investigation in the discipline over the three identified stages. Other high-frequency words include groundwater, wastewater, surface water and sewage sludge. Alters the chemical properties of water. First, prior literature has explored the pollution derived from using pesticides and chemical fertilizers for the natural environment (i.e. Particularly, we find that research in the topic of interest primarily focusses on agricultural scenarios of food crop production and fish farming. Cluster analysis comes from the notion of automatic categorization for similar abstract objects based on the theory of machine learning, and aims to cluster analogous members and divide unrelated objects. It is worthy to note, three W-3045 extension specialists and researchers have been recently distinguished as Fellows in the ACS AGRO. . Kills earthworms. Our results indicate that water, soil and air are the most researched environmental media when it comes to pollution derived from pesticides and fertilizers. Co-word network is a relational network based on the co-occurrence of keywords or subject terms in the literature; this method belongs to the catalog of Content Analysis Method. In our previous blog articles, we explored how exposure to toxic agrochemicals affects smallholder farmers and their families. cancer, endocrine disruption, birth defects). wastewater-impacted streams, agricultural basins). social economy, food security and human health) [2022]. This can subsequently affect the levels of nitrogen and other minerals in the soil making it less conducive for plant growth. The results show that researches about this topic primarily consists of three clusters, namely A1 (the upper part in Figure 2), A2 (the middle part in Figure 2) and A3 (the lower part in Figure 2). Toxicity availability of nutrients. Although this exposure is rarely fatal for larger animals, high levels of pesticides can be found in the meat of livestock which humans eat. Data statistics and visualization can help to discover rules and distributions of academic collaborations within this topic. soil, water or air). Proper growth of the crops becomes difficult and slow, lacking the right nutritious elements. Effects of agrochemicals on non-targeted elements and organisms. The difference in thickness for the graphed lines denote the strength of links or connections. The time span used for this query is from 1990 to 2016 (last updated on 21 October 2016). In the present paper, we first summarize the global development trends based on citation statistics of different countries. Although this exposure is rarely fatal for larger animals, high levels of pesticides can be found in the meat of livestock which humans eat. . . 17, 2015 31 likes 31,877 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment Agrochemicals effect on environment Shruthi Krishnan Follow student at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Advertisement Recommended Agrochemicals Ishan Sunia 28.5k views 21 slides Pesticide Pollution bioremediation and integrated pest management) to reduce and mitigate environmental hazards caused by agricultural chemical inputs. . Agrochemical Impacts on Human and Environmental Health: Mechanisms and Mitigation Objective Identify, develop, and/or validate trace residue analytical methods, immunological procedures, biosassays and biomarkers. . In addition, the research scale for most review studies has been narrow, focusing on a specific type of agricultural chemical input (e.g. Secondly, researchers have investigated the effects of using pesticides and fertilizers on agricultural production (i.e. When they drift to nearby plants, insects and waterbodies, agrochemicals can expose important pollinators like bees, fruit flies and some beetles to pesticides either through inhalation or ingestion. They decompose organic matter which essentially turns into a natural manure for plants. Research studies within the A1 cluster largely focus on the effects of pesticides and veterinary drugs on the environment. Agriculture is a critical component to the economy of the state of California. The 2003, European Union Regulation EC No. For example, these is research about methods to biodegrade nitrogen, phosphorus and other chemical pollutants in environmental media, to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture. Model and risk assessment are the top two frequency terms. Farms and Agricultural Production Systems, Natural Resources, Conservation, and Environment, Risk Assessment, Management, and Communication, Agrochemical Impacts on Human and Environmental Health: Mechanisms and Mitigation. Pesticides can also lead to high mortality of smaller animals like birds. Pesticides have the potential to contaminate our air, affecting the health of humans, animals, and plants. In addition, pesticides can further be divided based on their function (e.g. Foley JA, Ramankutty N, Brauman KA, et al. Cooperating W-3045 researchers represent an array of aligned disciplines in basic and applied biology, toxicology, environmental chemistry, engineering, risk assessment, outreach, and education to address current and emerging human-environmental agrochemical health issues. Alvarez DA, Petty JD, Huckins JN, et al. . Moreover, agricultural chemical inputs and their environmental impact derived from the production of wheat, maize and rice seem to be main focal point. But excessive use of agrochemicals on crops leads to soil contamination, air contamination, and water contamination. Soil erosion not conducive for plant growth. For data cleaning and in anticipation that WOS records may be subject to noise or missing data, we conduct an artificial exclusion and consistency check by removing unrecognizable keywords with high frequency, such as u 238 or 34. And what is the link between agrochemicals and climate change? 5,12,70 Furthermore, farmers fail to appreciate the health and environmental effects of agrochemicals. . Through associated retrieval by the LC Linked Data Service tool, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers and manures are identified as conception topics. During the middle stage (200007), studies mainly focus on the production mechanism, source apportionment, transmission channel and source/sink relationship of pollutants. In his recent studies, he analyzed the chemicals contaminants spatial and temporal variations and exposures to fish (e.g. Henry M, Beguin M, Requier F, et al. During spraying, strong winds can cause agrochemicals to drift and contaminate nearby surfaces. Despite its wide use in agricultural and economic development, severe downside effects of pesticide agrochemicals have been observed with serious health consequences like diabetes, cancer, and other neurological problems . The measurement of pollution in the environment is the salient line of inquiry in this early stage. After farmers apply these synthetic fertilizers to crops, chains of chemical reactions generate nitrous oxide, or N2O, a greenhouse gas. Hence, remediation approaches for agrochemical pollution must be a holistic approach, including environment and crop produces. This can lead to increased soil erosion and depletes the soil making it not conducive for plant grow. Tirado R, Englande AJ, Promakasikorn L, et al. This paper adopts three methods (i.e. Pests will naturally begin to adapt to their environment by either migrating to a new area or genetically mutating so that they can survive under the toxic conditions. For example, a distinguished scholar in research related to the topic of interest is Yi-Fan Li, a scientist in the Atmospheric Quality Institute, Dalian Maritime University and Harbin Institute of Technology in Canada. c) These cause effects on the central nervous system leading to convulsion, paralysis, death. The University of California-Davis and Cornell University have also researched on agricultural chemicals in plant and soil and their potential risks [108, 109]. . Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, et al. In the first stage, his researches mainly focused on assessing the levels of selected pesticides and their metabolites in groundwater or streams in the USA [3338]. . . In Japan, pesticides were frequently detected in the air of residential environments and childcare facilities following the application of pesticidesthis is consistent with the findings that outside pesticide applications are major contributors to indoor air pollution in agricultural communities [5]. At the same time, producing and using agrochemicals to controlthe pestsand diseasescreatesclimate problems. . (This phenomenon is widely called Fish kills) Excess chemicals lead to eutrophication. Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Wanger TC, et al. Vitousek PM, Naylor R, Crews T, et al.
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