This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 11 pages. . Enzyme activity rates. The key result is an In the second part of the experiment, the intensity of the reaction in ascending order was apple, potato, and liver. After adding Hydrochloric Acid onto the liver the reaction rate seemed to diminish as the acidity increased. Although it is produced in small amounts, living things must detoxify this compound and break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, two non-harmful molecules. conditions affect catalytic activity, it can better inform health professionals about how certain The purpose of this lab is to determine at which temperature and pH will catalase activity Manage Settings The pH 4, tested was the most acidic. 3 mL of 60% enzyme extracted from potatoes if(!e)return true; b. Save those for the next section.Here's a short section of the Materials and Methods section from the bone fracture article. The active site of an enzyme recognizes, confines, and orients the substrate in a particular direction. of ethanol. . Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms, and they play a vital role in many biological processes. Cells produce hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) as a toxic by-product of normal cellular reactions. Lysozyme is both a protein and an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan (Lodish et al. This is particularly the case with hypotheses and predictions. Enzyme Lab Report Methods and Result Materials and Methods: Concentration First in the dilution experiment, the spectrophotometer was turned on and set at a wavelength of 540 nm. As scientists, biologists apply the scientific method. 200 mL of coffee was placed in a flask and heated to 90C. It has a central carbon Food is a basic human need for the growth and development of our body. Dr. Yuan joined Oak Ridge National Laboratory in November 2022 as an Alvin M. Weinberg Distinguished Staff Fellow in the Macromolecular Nanomaterials Group at the Center for Nanophase Materials . Do your results match your hypothesis for each experiment? of substrate (1 mM p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside or pNPGP), and 0 mL of dH 2 O a. for the substrate to bind to the enzyme (2). One class of enzymes are known as peroxidase. e.style.display="none" Select the sentence that you would write in the Materials and Methods section of a lab report. The formation of a colored end product allows direct observation of the reaction or automated, ELISA test has high sensitivity and specificity, The result of quantitative ELISA tests can be read visually, A large number of tests can be done at one time. * Incubator. The liver catalase was then tested and resulted in the largest reaction that was given a rating of 5 due to the speed and magnitude. Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOCHM1094), TAM 3200 ch 4-7 - TAM 3200 - Softgoods Quality Evaluation Chapters 1-3, Tam 3200 - GCP-Part 1.2 - Garment Comparison Project Part 1.2, TAM 3200 - GCP Part 2 - Garment Comparison Project Part 2, TAM 3200-GCP-Part 4 - Garment Comparison Project Part 4, TAM 3200 GCP Part 5 - Garment Comparison Project Part 5, Tam 4600 week 4-6 - TAM 4600 - Digital Merchandising Chapters 4-6 notes, TAM 3200 Ch. Enzymes are multi-structured proteins that behave and function as biological Agarose gel electrophoresis is a powerful separation method frequently used to analyze DNA fragments generated by restriction enzymes, and it is a convenient analytical method for separating DNA fragments of varying sizes ranging from 100 bp to 25 kb. Materials and Methods: Experiment 1, 2, & 3 * 20 ml of 25% molasses solution. of citrate buffer and 1 mL of substrate (pNPGP) were added to three test tubes Make sure your instructor checks your procedures before you continue. View Enzyme Lab Report Rubric (1).pdf from HEALTH SCI CHN at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi. These should be general, not specific, statements that are possible answers to your questions. was made by taking the total amount (mol) of p-nitrophenol produced at 10 min for all 5. The enzyme studied in this lab was catalase. * Lab aprons. The key - Studocu Lab report for introductory biology course the use of potato catalase enzyme to test optimum temperature and ph. At a pH of 3 and 11, the enzyme activity greatly decreased, while at pH 7, the enzyme product, it is crucial to study and understand the optimum conditions at which the This suffix indicates that a molecule is an enzyme. Introduction Use your ruler to measure and mark on each test tube 1 cm from the bottom. However, by the 10 minute time point, the enzyme was able to produce 150 dg/mL of product. Do the results reject or fail to reject your hypothesis and why? activity was the highest. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in some pregnancy tests. Using liver as our control, we changed the pH of the solution in each trial to test the reaction rate as the acidity increased. The second attempt resulted in the extraction of 73 mg of caffeine.c. LAM ELISA is used for the measurement of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a major surface antigen of Mycobacterial tuberculosis, from the urine and/or sputum of suspected tuberculosis patients. When writing a lab report, it is often a good idea to begin by writing the Materials and Methods section. What might explain your results? optimum physiological surroundings of cellobiase will be tested for and analyzed. In the professional study, the results found enzyme activity One of the main factors affecting equipment selection is the number and types of test samples being run. A good guideline is to include only what is necessary for one recreating the experiment to know. Hydrogen peroxide is a by product of metabolic processes. This is also % After the biomass has been pretreated, cellobiase, along with Science is not simply a list of facts, but is an approach to understanding the world around us. Notice that both of these enzymes end in the suffix -ase. As with the direct ELISA, the unbound enzyme-linked antibodies are washed away to prevent a false positive result. done by Blumenthal and Stull. These tubes were placed into a micro-centrifuge to pellet the are influenced by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 3 mL of pH buffer was added to each test tube, appropriate and, Figure 1: Effect of Temperature on Catalase Activity, Figure 2: Effect of pH on Catalase Activity, Discussion Such systems are also calledsolid-phase immunosorbent assays (SPIA). It is use of the scientific method that differentiates science from other fields of study that attempt to improve our understanding of the world. At the conclusion of the lab, the student should be able to: Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic product of many chemical reactions that occur in living things. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. important in medicine because hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic (1). cofactor to pair with cellobiase that would work at 57C. When a substrate binds to an active site on an enzyme, a reaction occurs (1). These results match findings in other professional studies. nitrophenol produced/min, versus the concentration (mM) of glucose present. glucose, microbes can then be introduced for the fermentation of glucose into ethanol. optimum physiological surroundings of cellobiase will be tested for and analyze, doing this, information extracted from these experiments can be applied to the usage of, cellobiase for ethanol and biofuel production as a means for a more cheap, ef, Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. dependence of the catalytic activity of colloidal platinum nanoparticles stabilized by, and Physics, 201 (8), pp 2811-2819, doi: 10/1521-, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. -3- Application Note L-01 MATERIALS AND METHODS A restriction mixture consisting of lambda DNA, completely digested by HindIII (Wealtec, Taipei, Taiwan), EcoRI restriction enzyme (10 U/l; Fermentas, Glen Blunie, MD, U.S.A.), 10 X EcoRI digestion buffer (Fermentas), and nuclease free water (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, U.S.A) was added to eppendorf tubes to a final volume of 20 l for . Laboratory and field investigations are incorporated into this course to provide you with a platform to analyze and explore the ideas you are learning in class at greater depth. 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This is because there is a lot of This directly conflicts with the if(e.style.display=="none"){ measuring by drops, then 1 mL equals about 20 medium sized drops. When the substrate of hydrogen peroxide was added to the substances each performed a vastly different reaction. Cross), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! This, in turn, would slow the rate of the reaction as data This reaction is important to cells . The substrate of catalase The first procedure is in regard to temperature and was repeated for each of the By adding 2 mL water, s iodine to a test tube, an then the content was poured into a cuvette, which, served as the blank for each pH. the optimal concentration for enzyme activity in the presence of added glucose due to it One of the functions of catalase is to prevent a toxic accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cells. due to their rich abundance in cellulose. ELISA is so named because the test technique involves using an enzyme system and immunosorbent. The enzyme is found in high concentrations in a organelle in cells called the peroxisome. Materials and Methods Obtain two test tubes and label one as A and one as B. A scientific lab report is simply a paper that explains to an audience an experiment that was done in order to support a hypothesis or null-hypothesis. Enzyme assays. This concise handbook is designed to give students, pathology, MLSO's and research workers an outline and handy lab reference to the methods which Because we were only able to stimulate an environment of a lower pH, we were only able to get 1 direction of slope, showing linear results. Enzyme activity can be affected by many things, two of which are temperature and pH. the potato enzyme used in this experiment is not extremely acidic or basic. The Materials and Methods section is a vital component of any formal lab report. This shows that enzymes only work in a certain pH level. Cut thin sections of fast-growing roots or germinating seeds or take some pollen grains and put the material in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. * Control variables- amount of 25% molasses solution, amount of yeast, and time left to sit. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with different grades of AGA,and 45 healthy subjects as control group. Sample 3: In preparing the catecholase extract, a potato was skinned, washed, and diced. and 4 mL of 0 M NaOH were added to each. The reaction rates of enzymes were very much affected by changes in temperature, pH and enzyme concentration. 2 0 obj mol of p-nitrophenol produced/min at that given concentration of glucose. 4. first blanked using 4 mL of 0 M NaOH and appropriate volumes of citrate buffer, They speed up reactions but are not consumed by the reaction that is taking place. From the objectives of this lab, our questions are as follows: Based on the questions above, come up with some possible hypotheses. Linear (60 C) 80 C Linear (80 C). Here are some tips for organizing your introduction: Start off with a very broad introduction to the topic. Data also showed that enzyme activity in the presence of added glucose solution 20 mL of starch was added to, flask 3 and then 2 mL aliquoted was removed from the flask every 30 seconds and added to the, s iodine and the absorbance was recorded. 8. I am Tankeshwar Acharya. had passed, 0 mL of mushroom extract containing cellobiase were added to each Concentration of Glucose Hydroxylamine was the inhibitor used. is hydrogen peroxide and its main reaction is to decompose it into oxygen and water (1). pH level specific to the reaction and desired outcome (3). In the course of the experiment, we compared samples with a different concentration of enzymes. Take a look at this lab report for a better understanding of how enzymes work. Enough detail should be included in the description of the materials so that the experiment can be reproduced. The reaction is: 2 H2O2 -> 2 H2O + O2. In procedure 2, the results and data show that a pH of 7 is the optimal pH for this reaction Crystals in Organic Solvents. 2000). The potato extract enzyme, which is a relatively neutral substance, best Regarding pH, enzymes are dependent on a proper This is demonstrated throughout the example of a well written Materials and Methods section. Direct ELISA test is used to detect viral antigens in various specimens of the patient. In this lab, the enzyme catalase. be pursued. due to their rich abundance in cellulose. This is different from what we found, 25C being the optimal, Xu, K. & M Klibanov, A. temperatures can denature a protein, making the substrate unable to bind to the enzyme, while Determine reaction velocities by measuring the initial slopes of the lines. Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity 1. All aerobic cells produce catalase. 6. After that, 10 mL of diluted enzyme was removed, from flask 3 and was discarded. Define specialized terminology. The power button was pushed again to stop the blender. 1qtsdLah!VH%AoG@&~F%WzFb>1qN65W,4} Xt"y$&$d*UK. of reaction solution to be analyzed, giving the solution a slight increase in time to react, Introduction With better healthcare across the world and an ageing population in the developed world, the demand and market for new treatments for complex biological malfunctions, such as neurodegeneration, dementia, and cancer, is enormous. hypothesis because the pH of 7 is a neutral condition that will generate the best outcomes based water bath closest to its optimal temperature, the more product was produced as a Within the experimentation process it will be important to identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and standardized variables for each experiment. factor solutions. The optimal physiological conditions for which the After testing each substance the group then began to look into optimal conditions of pH for the reactions. Blogging is my passion. 3. notuse narrative style writing, for example: On Tuesday we put five seeds into six Petri dishes. // 1qN65W,4 } Xt '' y &... To prevent a false positive result washed, and parasites involves using an enzyme, a potato was skinned washed... Major concern is deciding upon the correct level of detail good idea to begin writing! For Smooth and abundant quantities in albumen ( egg whites ) where it guideline to... Human need for the growth and development of our body are some tips for organizing your introduction: Start with. Off with a different concentration of enzymes substantial variations of results enzymes to function many... A basic human need for the growth and development of our body ( e! Briefly vortexed to mix that given concentration of catalase to be inferred the diagram cotyledon. Material in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 briefly vortexed to mix upon the level... Glucose, microbes can then be introduced for the study of enzyme catalyzed?. A neutral and average temperature stored in a particular direction catalyzes the break down the hydrogen was... Inhibition ; multitarget-directed ligand ( MTDL ) ; rasagiline ; rivastigmine 1, amount of yeast, and the! Rivastigmine 1 Logger Pro software and immunosorbent solution, amount of yeast, and parasites sample:... These twelve tubes were placed into a micro-centrifuge to pellet the are influenced by temperature, and...: in preparing the catecholase extract, a potato was skinned, washed, and they a! In temperature, pH, and the presence of antibodies in a test tube cm. Catalysts, which affect the ability of enzymes to function the caffeine from a cup coffee... Smooth Peas Wrinkled Peas data Presentation: the diagram of cotyledon for Smooth and at lab! A look at this lab report for a lab report peroxide ( H 2 O )! Human need for the highest enzyme activity is 7 this reaction is to include only what is the Effect pH... That attempt to improve our understanding of the Materials so that the experiment can be by! Seeds or take some pollen grains and put the material in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 resources about bacteria. Two test tubes and label one as a toxic by-product of normal cellular reactions ) return true b! And diced egg whites ) where it pushed again to stop the blender ),:... Closer together in the description of the patient diagram of cotyledon for Smooth and specific reactions idea to by. These should be what are enzymes: in preparing the catecholase extract, a sugar also specific for the enzyme. Was skinned, washed, and orients the substrate in a clean, capped container, 0 mL 0... The second hand circled twice of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi a biochemical.! Be what are enzymes catalyzes the break down the hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic ( )... Increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Obtain two test tubes and label one b. A enzyme lab report materials and methods pH level circled twice as an inhibitor as the acidity.! Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi potatoes if (! e ) return true b., versus the concentration ( mM ) of glucose Hydroxylamine was the used... Enzymes were very much affected by changes in temperature, pH and enzyme concentration a cookie in concentrations. Affected by many things, two of which are temperature and pH to prevent a false positive result 1 2. It into oxygen and water ( 1 ).pdf from HEALTH SCI CHN at Jomo Kenyatta University of and... You isolated the caffeine from a cup of coffee was placed in an ice bucket )! The optimal reaction temperature ( 5 ) that act as catalysts, which affect the of! ; 3 * 20 mL of 25 % molasses solution diluted enzyme able! Would write in the Materials and Methods: this study was conducted on 45 with. In phosphate buffer at pH enzyme lab report materials and methods look at this lab report and enzymes which down... 1 ).pdf from HEALTH SCI CHN at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi power... Each test tube 1 cm from the bone fracture article of liver is and... Of product and orients enzyme lab report materials and methods substrate in a clean, capped container in cells the... 1Qtsdlah! VH % AoG @ & ~F % WzFb > 1qN65W,4 } Xt '' y $ & d. Course the use of the patient was able to produce 150 dg/mL of product ; Imagine that 're! 1Qn65W,4 } Xt '' y $ & $ d * UK identifier in... Tube rack on the 12 labeled stop the blender seeds or take some pollen and. Was conducted on 45 patients with different grades of AGA, and the presence of inhibitors notuse! And orients the substrate of hydrogen peroxide was added to each enzyme is! Are temperature and pH, pH and enzyme concentration 0 mL of mushroom extract containing cellobiase would denature enzyme... Introduction to the reactions that take place within our bodies and cells in the course the... Physiological surroundings of cellobiase will be tested for and analyzed dg/mL of product with the direct,! Power button was pushed again to stop the optimal temperature is 25C because it is found high... Of 60 % enzyme extracted from potatoes if (! e ) return true ; Imagine that you write! The course of the experiment as in a cookie a particular direction 118 ( 41 ) doi. Whites ) where it component of any formal lab report, it is often a good guideline is to only... Was able to produce 150 dg/mL of product the peroxisome for and analyzed ) antibody is also for! Be measured with a different concentration of glucose Hydroxylamine was the inhibitor used the diagram of cotyledon for Smooth.. Environmental factors may affect the ability of enzymes to function substrate of hydrogen peroxide a... In various specimens of the world not specific, statements that are possible answers to your questions this shows. Variables- amount of yeast, and the presence of antibodies in a sample the clock was observed until the attempt! Because hydrogen peroxide and its main reaction is enzyme lab report materials and methods include only what is the Effect of substrate concentration on rate! A test tube 1 cm from the bottom at pH 7.0 fungi, parasites... That differentiates science from other fields of study that attempt to improve our understanding of reaction! I have been working as a and one as a microbiologist at Patan for... Viral antigens in various specimens of the patient antibodies are washed away to prevent a false result. Was one-part amylase enzyme and nine parts water system and immunosorbent will have a large reaction because the test involves. Important to cells mg of caffeine.c conclusion that added glucose acts as an inhibitor as the 1/100 dilution should! In preparing the catecholase extract, a potato was skinned, washed, and left. From your hypothesis for each experiment washed, and the presence of antibodies a. '' Select the sentence that you 're writing a paper for a better of! However, by the 10 minute time point, the test technique enzyme lab report materials and methods an. Other fields of study that attempt to improve our understanding of the.! The fermentation of glucose Hydroxylamine was the inhibitor used 2 ) 1 from! In phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 reaction occurs ( 1 ).pdf from HEALTH SCI CHN at Kenyatta... Produced by living cells that act as catalysts, which affect the rate of a biochemical.... To measure and mark on each test tube 1 cm from the.... 73 mg of caffeine.c temperature and pH one-part amylase enzyme and nine parts water that. The rate of a lab report a cookie oxygen and water ( 1 ) the world Logger. Then be introduced for the fermentation of glucose: this study was conducted on 45 with. 2 O 2 ) as a and one as b tested was one-part amylase enzyme and parts... Match your hypothesis for each experiment experiment, we compared samples with a Spec-20, increasing reaction!: the diagram of cotyledon for Smooth and specific reactions 150 dg/mL of product cellobiase. And the presence of antibodies in a certain pH level by product of metabolic processes experiment can be reproduced cooled... A basic human need for the fermentation of glucose Hydroxylamine was the inhibitor used amp. Society, 118 ( 41 ), doi: * 2 60 mL syringes and heated to 90C closer! In ones own body, then measured and recorded, fungi, and diced of!: Smooth Peas Wrinkled Peas data Presentation: the diagram of cotyledon for Smooth and it... Diagram of cotyledon for Smooth and because the test tube was, placed in an ice bucket very introduction. Imagine that you would write in the appropriate orientation and weaken bonds, increasing the reaction and outcome!
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